Why Colombia’s inflation won’t budge: the fiscal root of a monetary problem
In October 2026, Colombia is showing a combination that defies intuition. The peso has strengthened about 22% in a year, which normally makes imports cheaper and helps push prices down. Yet annual inflation stands at 6.29%, and core inflation hovers around 6%, double the target. Meanwhile, the Banco de la República has raised its policy rate from 9.25% to 12.25% so far this year. A strong currency, high interest rates and prices that refuse to fall: what is going on? The explanation starts with a simple idea. Persistent inflation appears when an economy wants to buy more than it can produce, and that can happen for two reasons: demand grows too fast, or the capacity to produce grows too slowly. In Colombia both are happening at once, and both stem from decisions made inside the country over the past several years. That is why the problem cannot be solved through the exchange rate or by looking abroad. On the demand side, the main driver is the fiscal deficit. When the sta...