The Anatomy of a Democratic Autocracy: How Power Is Concentrated and How the Bill Is Paid
Anyone who looks from a certain distance at the regimes now described as electoral authoritarianisms finds something disconcerting: they do not resemble the dictatorships of other eras. There are no tanks in the streets and no barracks coups. There are elections, flags, speeches before crowds, and a rhetoric that invokes the people in every paragraph. Russia, Venezuela, Turkey, Zimbabwe and Nicaragua, with very different histories, climates and economies, nonetheless share a sequence so recognizable that political scientists study it as a pattern. What is unsettling about that pattern is that it almost never begins with a break from democracy, but with the use of it. Almost all of these leaders came to power through elections, and they did so by tapping into legitimate discontent. Hugo Chávez won in 1998 by promising to represent the excluded of an exhausted political system; Vladimir Putin arrived in 2000 as the guarantor of order after the disorder of the nineties; Recep Tayyip E...