Colombia needs a tax paradigm shift
When analyzing the size of the Colombian state, the first step is to clarify which state is being discussed, because public spending is measured in three different ways and each tells a different story. On one hand, the central government consists of ministries, national entities, and debt service, where the recently approved general budget represents close to a third of gross domestic product. On the other hand, the general government incorporates regional departments, local municipalities, and social security, serving as the international metric used by organizations such as the World Bank or the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, whose indicators show that this consolidated spending exceeds 49 percent of gross domestic product and sits comfortably above the average of developed economies. Finally, the consolidated public sector, which also includes state-owned enterprises, provides the broadest measure, although it rarely enters the public debate. This dif...