Colombia faces a fiscal problem that can no longer be treated as a temporary difficulty or as the result of decisions made by a single government. For at least the last three administrations, those of Juan Manuel Santos, Ivan Duque, and Gustavo Petro, public spending and debt have followed a persistently upward trajectory. Governments with deep differences in their political orientations ended up sharing the same trend, expanding the size and obligations of the state without making a proportional correction to its spending structure. The result is an economy in which the public sector has grown faster than the productive capacity that must finance it. The figures for the 2027 budget show how far this dynamic has gone. The proposed budget amounts to 634.9 trillion pesos, close to 30 percent of GDP. Of that total, approximately 392.6 trillion corresponds to operating costs, 155.4 trillion to debt service, and barely 87 trillion to investment. In other words, around 86 percent of the ...

When we look at the world, it's evident that there's a group of countries ahead of Latin America. We perceive this daily when we see the achievements of their societies, when we visit them and observe how their nationals live. Essentially, everything seems easier for the people who inhabit them; they appear to have a more comfortable and peaceful life, unfolding within an environment where everything simply works better. We frequently hear about development; however, many don't know what it means, nor are we clear on how it's achieved. In this regard, a set of theories, none of them proven, have filled us with myths that attempt to explain the reasons why such marked differences in development exist between countries. To understand development, it's enough to think about the set of conditions whose existence would facilitate the possibility of realizing our expectations and those of everyone around us; that is, a series of aspects of our reality and our environment ...